Revolutions of the Long 19th Century Essay Sample free essay sample

During the â€Å"Long 19th Century† ( 1750-1914 ) there were many alterations go oning around the Earth and determining the universe we live in today. At this clip. amidst other alterations such as industrialisation and imperialism. some of the world’s most of import revolutions began taking topographic point. In America. the first revolution of the nineteenth century took topographic point and put the foundations for one of the most of import universe powers in modern history. The Gallic revolution led to a new imperialistic power and was one of the most influential revolutions of its clip with its effects being felt throughout the universe. Although there were legion sums of alterations in all facets of life at this clip. more significantly were the revolutions that took topographic point in France and America because they led to great political and societal alteration that influenced the Earth and besides made two universe powers. During the nineteenth century in America. there was turning discontent for their female parent state. Britain. A series of events had led to Americans experiencing more distant from their female parent state and that they could non efficaciously govern their settlements with such a big distance. The first cardinal event that began the demand for independency was the Gallic and Indian War. This war was fought between France ( before French revolution ) and Britain from 1754-1763 over the settlements in America and shortly became a global struggle between the two states. The competition created between the two states became a cardinal portion of the American Revolution subsequently on. Although Britain came out winning. their economic system took a large hit and left them in immense debt which they looked to the settlements to refund. After 1763 all the manner to the beginning of the war in 1775. Britain put in topographic point a batch of Acts of the Apostless which increased revenue enhancements. and as a consequence bitter ness of the British authorities. These Acts of the Apostless included the sugar act. currency act. billeting act. stamp act. Townshend Acts of the Apostless. tea act. and unbearable act. all of which were non approved by the settlers. Some Acts of the Apostless. such as the cast act and tea act. led to little opposition and rebellions of their ain. The boies and girls of autonomy began tar and feathering revenue enhancement aggregators to demo their discontent of the cast act. and in response to the tea act. settlers took topographic point in the Boston tea party in which they dumped tea over board from ships in the Boston seaport. To halt these rebellions and prevent hereafter 1s. Britain put forth the Intolerable act in which town meetings were now outlawed. However despite this the first Continental Congress took topographic point in which 12 of the 13 settlements came together in Philadelphia and began boycotting British goods. ( Stearns 639 ) ( Kelly ) In 1775 British military personnels had been commanded to travel to Lexington and Concord to forestall future rebellions by taking military supplies and demilitarizing any Rebels in these countries and besides collaring Samuel Adams and John Hancock who were leaders of the rebellion. The Americans had received word of the British programs and were waiting and ready for them when they came. However once the British arrived. they surrounded the little reserves of about merely 80 work forces and commanded the Rebels to set down their arms. But among all of the confusion and cheering. the Americans did non hear their commanding officer John Parker’s order to scatter and travel place and they stood their land. Although both sides were commanded non to fire unless fired upon. an unknown beginning fired a shooting and shortly after without bid British military personnels began firing fusillades killing 8 settlers and injuring another 10. with the remainder running off. The British suffered merely a really minor causality which was a pes lesion. The British so marched onto Concord where the Rebels were one time once more waiting. Expecting at that place to be no fire exchanged once more. another conflict broke out and the Americans. surprisingly. forced the British to withdraw after the loss of 70 work forces. This was the first clip warfare had been exchanged between the two groups and was the beginning of the American Revolutionary War. ( ushistory. org ) All of these new Acts of the Apostless and responsibilities put on the settlers led to new ill will towards Britain and the belief that Britain was non suited or able to efficaciously regulate the settlements. Besides the settlers believed they had no just say in the Acts of the Apostless. The Declaration of Independence was a clear mark of this and showed that the Americans wanted to govern themselves. Although there had already been contending for 14 months with the war good underway. and the Declaration non truly necessary. the establishing male parents choose to compose it so Britain would cognize why they are interrupting off and what they did incorrect and to give a ground and intent and to the Americans to cognize why they are contending. It gave Britain and its King a really long list of facts of what they did incorrectly. â€Å"The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of perennial hurts and trespasss. all holding in direct object the constitution of an absolute Dictatorship over these states† ( US Declaration of Independence ) . After the conflicts of Lexington and Concord the war lasted for another 8 old ages. There were series of runs launched by the British authorities to try to take back the settlements one country at a clip. Although some were successful. King George III gave up on subduing and destructing the American ground forcess and went into a program of â€Å"punishing† them and the settlers by pelting their ports and metropoliss. go forthing many military personnels garrisoned in cardinal topographic points ( such as New York ) and unleashing Native Americans to assail the Americans on the frontier. King George III had more jobs to worry approximately as France and Spain both joined in on the war and made him focused on the European war. After several more old ages of combat. and a immense triumph at Yorktown. the British eventually surrendered and the Americans had won. On September 3rd. 1783. the Treaty of Paris was signed and the Americans had won their independency. The American radical war had enormous effects on political thought and societal life. New thoughts and Torahs like. equality. autonomy. God-given rights. democracy. and cheques and balances influenced many European minds an d leaders and gave a theoretical account for new democracies to come. It led to the birth of other rebellions and revolutions. like the Gallic revolution and the Haitian rebellion. Besides new confederations were formed between France and other states. Socially it proved to the universe that Britain. the strongest ground forces and state of that clip. was non invulnerable. New organized emancipationist motions began to seek and stop bondage in the United States and distribute to other states shortly after. Women’s rights easy were being discussed in the United States and defied traditional beliefs. After the war America’s economic system was greatly strengthened and led to new concerns and occupations. Despite this America was in debt because of all the money it had borrowed and help it had received from other states and became a fiscal load for those who sided with the settlements. ( ushistory. org ) Unlike the American Revolution. France was non interrupting off from a female parent state but seeking to subvert a longstanding monarchy. France had three different estates that it was divided into. The First Estate was the clergy and spiritual lead ers. the second was the Lords. and the Third Estate was the provincials and lower category which was the largest of the three but had the least say in authorities. King Louis XVI. holding familial debt from the Seven Years War. increased the revenue enhancements of the 3rd estate to try to pay off their debts. and greatly impacted the people of the 3rd estates lives. Food deficits were common as the demand for staff of life increased every bit good as the monetary value. and the provincials did non hold the money necessary to purchase it because of the revenue enhancements. This led to many people traveling hungry and public violences interrupting out. To battle this. Louis XVI instituted a series of reforms in an effort to better conditions and allow more rights to the people who had progressively grown in its demand for equality. This demand for rights and equality was influenced by the American Revolution and its thoughts of enlightenment. formation of a fundamental law. and sign language of the Declaration of Independence. The thoughts of autonomy. equality. belongings. and freedom were echoed in France as subsequently on in the revolution they made their ain declaration. the Declaration of the Right of Man and the Citizen. However Louis XVI’s reforms became uneffective with the parliament which claimed Louis did non hold the authoriza tion to revenue enhancement the First and Second Estate. Finally on June 17. 1789. the Third Estate broke away for France and declared itself the National Assembly. ( Stearns 640 ) ( Mapsofworld. com ) After being created. the National Assembly declared that it merely had the power to make up ones mind on revenue enhancements. Once hearing this. King Louis XVI banned the national assembly from the meeting hall and literally locked them out of it. The National Assembly took affairs into their ain custodies and moved to a tennis tribunal across the street. There the members of the National Assembly swore the â€Å"Tennis Court Oath† which swore that they would non interrupt apart until a fundamental law had been drafted with would vouch rights to the people of France. Several lower ranking Lords and clergies broke off from the First and Second Estate to fall in the National Assembly. In order to seek and avoid a rebellion from the people. Louis XVI made the representatives of the First and Second Estate join the National Assembly as a mark of acknowledgment and credence of the National Assembly. ( Kries ) However Louis XVI attempts were in vain as on July 12. 1789 the citizens of France stormed Bastille looking for ammo and gunpowder as they had merely acquired many guns and cannons from Hotel Invalid es. The adult male in charge of the fortress turned prison was Bernard de Launey. who agreed to give up to the crowd every bit long as he was non hurt. However. the crowd took him captive and shortly cut off his caput and mounted it on top of a station to demo they would halt at nil. When Louis XVI heard about this he said â€Å"But. this is a rebellion! † The functionary who had informed him of the intelligence said â€Å"No. Sire. It is a revolution† ( Plain. 29 ) By August 30. 1792. France had entered into a province of panic. The Duke of Brunswick’s ground forcess had begun sieging the fastness of Verdun. Once it fell. pandemonium and slaughters broke out across the state with priests being dragged out of their managers and killed and captives of Paris slaughtered. Once the Jacobin nine had taken control. the Assembly declared war on Austria and Prussia but was rapidly defeated. There was panic one time once more as enemies ground forcess began processing towards the capital. Revolutionists stormed the Tuileries castle and forced the royal household to fly. However in September of 1792 the Gallic Army defeat ed the Prussians and the National Assembly named itself the National Convention. Immediately they abolished the Monarchy and the King was sent to the closure by compartment. Once King Louis XVI was dead. France broke out in war with about all of the European states and had internal struggles of its ain. The Committee of Public safety was established to seek and happen integrity for France. Soon nevertheless it began what is known as the reign of panic for France and anybody who could perchance oppose the revolution was killed. Ironically. the leader of the commission. Maximilien Robespierre. was besides sent to the closure by compartment. After the reign of panic was over. a 5-member Directory was put into topographic point. However the Directory was faced with big issues such as nutrient deficits and deficiency of goods in France. In times of demand. Napoleon Bonaparte supported the directory and gave aid. In November of 1799. the Directory was overthrown and Napoleon Bonaparte was put into power under a new fundamental law as the first Consulate. Napoleon shortly went on to set up the Bank of France. better educational systems. and do a codification of jurisprudence known as the Napoleonic codification. He besides went on to suppress a big sum of European states and by 1806 contro lled most of Europe. After being taken over by France. many European states had a new spirit of patriotism as they banded together during French republics regulation and became progressively more loyal to their original states. Once France became highly powerful. Napoleon changed the fundamental law to give him even more power and finally declared himself Emperor of France. Although this was non truly shut to the thoughts of the revolution. the Gallic believed that their lives were better off under Napoleon and it remained that manner until he fell in 1815. ( Stearns 641 ) The American and Gallic revolution had many similarities and difference to each other. with both holding a permanent impact on the universe. On one manus you have the Americans who wanted to interrupt away from Great Britain. and on the other. you have the Gallic attempting to free the monarchy. Both states had been influenced by enlightenment thoughts and go a big constituent of their Declarations. Both had suffered economic adversities that led to the realisation that alteration was needed. However America and France had really different odds stacked against them ; with the Americans having the assistance of France and Spain during their war while France fought most of Europe by itself. Similarly both states had gone through different signifiers of authorities after the combat. The Americans first had the Article of Confederation. which lacked any existent national authorities and gave all the power to the provinces. and eventually established the Constitution of the United States. The Gallic besides went through alterations in authorities. foremost with the National Assembly. so the Committee of Public Safety. so the Directory. and eventually the Consulate. Finally the Americans neer went through a â€Å"reign of terror† or anything near as extremist and helter-ske lter as the Gallic did. Overall both revolutions had a big impact on history with the Gallic goad revolutions all across Europe and a new feel of patriotism. and America still standing with the Fundamental law it was found on and puting the theoretical account for democracy across the universe. ( Wilde ) Plants Cited Kelly. Martin. â€Å"Causes of the American Revolution. † American History. about. com. n. d. Web. 8 Jan. 2013. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //americanhistory. about. com/od/revolutionarywar/a/amer_revolution. htm gt ; . Kries. Steven. â€Å"The Oath of the Tennis Court. † History Guide. N. p. . n. d. Web. 8 Jan. 2013. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. historyguide. org/intellect/tennis_oath. hypertext markup language gt ; . Mapsofworld. com. â€Å"Impact of American Revolution on Other Nations. † Maps of World. N. p. . n. d. Web. 8 Jan. 2013. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. mapsofworld. com/usa/american-revolution/impact-other-nations. hypertext markup language gt ; . Stearns. Peter N. Combined Volume. 6th erectile dysfunction. Boston: Charlyce Jones Owen. 2011. Print. Ushistory. org. â€Å"Lexington and Concord. † US History. N. p. . n. d. Web. 8 Jan. 2013. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ushistory. org/us/11c. asp g t ; . – – . â€Å"Societal Impacts of the American Revolution. † US History. N. p. . n. d. Web. 8 Jan. 2013. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ushistory. org/us/12. asp gt ; . Wilde. Robert. â€Å"The